• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit comprising an electric machine (100) with a rotor winding (110) and a stator winding (120) and a rectifier (130) connecting the electrical machine (100) , an onboard network (150) of a vehicle. By the excitation current (IE) of the winding (110) the voltage of the on-board network (150) is regulated to a set value. A fault is concluded if the excitation current (IE) corresponds to an oscillating curve. If the amplitude of the oscillation exceeds a threshold, a countermeasure is applied if a fault is detected in the generator unit, consisting in reducing the amplitude of the excitation current (IE) or the current of maximum excitation.
    公开号:FR3038062A1
    申请号:FR1655862
    申请日:2016-06-23
    公开日:2016-12-30
    发明作者:Paul Mehringer；Miriam Riederer；Manuel Mueller
    申请人:Robert Bosch GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for detecting a fault in a generator unit as well as a computing unit, in particular a generator regulator and a computer program for the implementation of the invention. of this process. State of the art Motor vehicles have an onboard network (on-board electrical network) supplied with voltage by an electric machine functioning as a generator, for example an externally excited synchronous machine. To regulate the voltage of the on-board electrical system, the excitation current of the electric machine is controlled. The electrical machine is thus generally connected to the on-board network by a rectifier and forms therewith a generator unit. Such generator units may have faults, such as for example short circuits that must be detected. JP 33 74 543 B2 discloses a method of detecting a defect in a rectifier comprising comparing the signal of the phase voltage to half of the battery voltage signal. DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for detecting a fault in a generator unit comprising an electric machine with a rotor winding and a stator winding and a rectifier connecting the machine. electrical system, to an on-board network of a motor vehicle, according to which, by the excitation current of the rotor winding of the electric machine, the voltage of the on-board voltage system is regulated to a set value, the curve of the excitation current and one concludes with a fault in the generator unit if the excitation current corresponds to an oscillating curve, and if the amplitude of the oscillation exceeds a threshold, a countermeasure is applied if a fault is detected in the generator unit, the countermeasure consisting in reducing the amplitude of the excitation current or reducing the maximum permitted excitation current. In other words, the method according to the invention serves to recognize a defect of a generator unit. This unit consists of an electric machine with a rotor winding and a stator winding and a rectifier connected thereto for connecting the electrical machine to the vehicle's on-board network. The voltage of the on-board network is regulated to a set value by regulating the excitation current in the rotor winding of the electric machine 5 as a control variable and the evolution of the excitation current is monitored. If an oscillating curve of the excitation current is detected, and if the value of the excitation current, for example according to the amplitude or a peak point value of the oscillation, exceeds a threshold, it is concluded that there is a fault in the generator unit, i.e. in the electric machine and / or in the rectifier. The amplitude of the oscillation is the difference between the maximum value and the instantaneous average value (for example the root mean square value or a sliding average) over a period of oscillations. In this way, different types of faults in the rectifier and / or the electric machine can be detected in a simple manner. This is possible because such defects have repercussions on the excitation current. The simple comparison of the phase voltage and half of the battery voltage or the voltage of the on-board network, for example, does not make it possible to detect the cut-off of a complete phase 20 of the rectifier, whereas such a break echoes on the excitation current. It has been found that oscillations or variations in the excitation current occur particularly if there are irregularities in the phase currents, for example because of a short circuit or a break. As the oscillations are detected in a particularly simple manner there is thus a simple and effective solution for detecting faults in the rectifier and / or in the electric machine. Preferably, it is concluded that there is a fault in the generator unit if the frequency of the oscillation curve of the excitation current is proportional to the number of pole pairs of the electrical machine and / or the current speed of rotation of the electric machine. This makes it possible to neutralize the external influences which can, if necessary, have repercussions on the value of the oscillation.
    [0002] Advantageously, the fault is a short circuit and / or a break in the high side path between the rectifier and the on-board network, a short circuit and / or a cut in the low side path between the rectifier and the on-board network and / or the breaking of a phase of the rectifier and / or a short-circuit of the phases between them. In the electric machine the fault may be a short circuit in the stator with respect to the on-board network, ie positive (B +) side and / or negative side (B-) of the voltage, a break of a stator winding wire, a short circuit between the stator winding wires and / or a short circuit between different phases. Since an electric machine, such as an externally excited synchronous machine, has for example three or five phases, it can also have a defect concerning different phases even if this is unlikely. Under these conditions, it is possible, for example, to have short-circuit or cut-off faults of two different paths. The evoked faults are defects that usually occur in generator units. In particular, the short circuits and the interruptions of a path result in significant oscillations of the excitation current which are simply detected. Likewise, an interruption of a complete phase, i.e. an interruption at both high and low sides of the same phase, is reflected by the current intensity changes by an oscillation in the current. while this has no influence on the voltage of the different phases as it does not concern the single monitored phase. The known method mentioned in the preamble of monitoring a phase, as is the case with known regulators, does not generally make it possible to detect such a phase cut. On the other hand, defects can be recognized and distinguished by their oscillation amplitude and / or their signaling frequency and / or the signal curve.
    [0003] Countermeasure is applied when such a defect has been detected in the generator unit. The countermeasure consists of reducing the excitation current, in particular by reducing the reference value of the excitation current and / or by reducing the maximum permitted excitation current and / or by issuing a fault message. This makes it possible to quickly and simply protect the on-board network and, in particular, the users connected to the network. In addition, it will protect the electric machine against overheating and secondly, it allows to warn the driver of the vehicle to go into a garage. The computing unit according to the invention is in particular a generator controller such as the control unit which manages the vehicle and in particular this calculation unit is designed in programming technique for applying the method of the invention. invention as defined above. The method can also be implemented in the form of a computer program which is advantageous because it represents a particularly low cost, especially if the control apparatus which applies the method is used for other missions and exists. anyway. Suitable data carriers for the computer program include optical or electrical magnetic memories such as hard disks, flash memories, EEPROMs, DVDs and the like. The program can also be downloaded via a computer network (internet, intranet or other). Drawings The present invention will be described below, in more detail, using a method of detecting a defect in a generator unit according to the invention with the aid of the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram of a generator unit with an electric machine, a rectifier and a generator regulator applying the method of the invention, FIGS. 2a-2d show the generator unit of FIG. 3a-3d show in diagrams the voltage and intensity curves for the faults shown in FIGS. 2a-d. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 schematically shows a generator unit having an electric machine 100 with a rectifier 130 and a computing unit 140 in the form of a generator regulator 3038062 for the process of the generator. 'invention. The electric machine 100 has a rotor winding or excitation winding 110 and a stator winding 120; it is used as a generator for the voltage supply of the on-board network 150 of a motor vehicle.
    [0004] In this example, the electrical machine 100 and thus its stator winding 120 have five phases U, V, W, X, Z. Each of the five phases is connected by a diode 131 of the rectifier 130 to the positive side (high side B + ) of the on-board network 150 and by a diode 132 on the negative side (low side B-) of the edge network 150. The number of five phases 10 is only one example and the method of the invention also applies at a different number of phases, for example 3, 6, 7 or more. Under the same conditions, it is possible to use appropriate semiconductor switches in place of the diodes. The generator regulator 140 supplies the rotor winding 110 with an excitation current IE. The generator regulator 140 has inputs for detecting the on-board voltage B + and B- as well as the phase voltage, for example the phase voltage Y, i.e. Uy. The current supplied by the electrical machine 100 corresponds to the intensity IG.
    [0005] FIGS. 2a-2d each show the device of FIG. 1 with a specific defect in rectifier 130. According to FIG. 2a, by way of example, there is a short circuit in the high side path here for FIG. This is for example a short-circuit of the diode 131. FIG. 2b shows by way of example a short circuit 25 in the low side path, here for the phase U. It can be act for example of a short circuit in the diode 132. Figure 2c shows by way of example, a phase which is cut and here the phase U. This may correspond for example to the cut or destruction (non-conductive state ) of the two diodes 131, 132.
    [0006] This defect also corresponds to the cutting of the corresponding line to the stator winding 120 connected to the two diodes. FIG. 2d shows, by way of example, a cut in the low side path, here the U phase. For the diode 132, this cutoff is, for example, one on the side of this diode or, as shown in FIG. both sides of the diode or the diode is destroyed. A break in the high side path would correspond to a break in the diode 131 or to its destruction. FIGS. 3a-3d show the respective curves of the generator voltage U +, the generator current IG, the voltage Uy of the phase Y (not shown in FIG. 3b) and the excitation current IE, as a function of the time t. Before the moment to, the device is operating normally and a fault occurs at the instant to in the generator unit. The curves of FIGS. 3a-3d thus correspond to curves with the defects presented in FIGS. 2a-2d. It should be noted that the scale of the different diagrams for both the current and the voltage do not always correspond as a function of time, which is of no importance for the description of the present invention. Figure 3a shows a short circuit in the high side path for generator voltage that occurs only briefly after the occurrence of the fault. The generator current decreases and the oscillation pattern of the phase voltage varies. The excitation current has an oscillation with a magnitude significantly greater than that of the faultless curve. Even if in this case the defect was visible in the phase voltage, it is even more accentuated in the excitation current curve. The frequency f of the oscillation corresponds to the following formula: f = n-PPZ / 60, In this formula n is the speed of rotation of the generator in 1 / min and PPZ is the number of pairs of poles of the generator.
    [0007] This excitation current curve comes from the asymmetric distribution of the phase currents after the short circuit which then contain a DC component. By rotating the electric machine, these irregular dc components are transmitted to the rotor of the electric machine because the externally excited synchronous machine is interpreted as a transformer allowing on the one hand the coupling of the rotor to the rotor. stator and secondly, the reverse coupling of the stator to the rotor. The excitation current thus contains a significant component of alternating current, which makes it possible to deduce a short-circuit therefrom.
    [0008] Figure 3b shows that there is a short circuit in the low side path for the generator voltage that appears only briefly after the fault and the generator current decreases as in the case of short circuit to the path. on the high side, the excitation current has a significant oscillation of amplitude higher than that of the faultless curve, which makes it possible to observe the short circuit. Figure 3c shows that complete phase failure occurs in the generator voltage briefly after the occurrence of the fault in the form of a higher voltage swing and then only slightly by small variations. The generator current has an oscillation of greater amplitude. The excitation current decreases slightly and exhibits an amplitude oscillation significantly greater than before the appearance of the defect. The voltage of the chopped phase is no longer limited by rectification, but has a significantly higher no-load voltage for the electric machine. At the level of the undamaged phases (as shown by way of example, the figure) the phase voltage is however not modified.
    [0009] Thus, it is not possible to detect a chopped phase using the phase voltage unless the fault coincides with the single monitored phase. On the other hand, the phase cutoff appears significantly on the excitation current. Again, there is an asymmetric distribution of the phase current. In the case of short circuits or interruptions, an additional direct current component on the stator side is transmitted as an alternating current component on the rotor side. When a phase is cut, the current of this phase tends to zero. Correspondingly, the remaining phases must compensate for this portion and are thus solicited asymmetrically. In the case of the failure of the cut of a cut phase, the frequency of the oscillation is doubled compared to the other cases of defect and it can thus be distinguished from these in an unequivocal manner. Figure 3d shows that a cut in the low side path leads to slight variations in the generator voltage. The generator coil has an oscillation for which the intensity value tends to zero when reaching the path of the respective low cut side. The phase voltage has a higher amplitude than before the occurrence of the fault and the excitation current also has a significantly higher amplitude oscillation. In summary, the excitation current makes it possible to detect all the evoked faults that occur in the rectifier and / or the machine. As for the regulation, the excitation current is in any case detected by the generator regulator, the method according to the invention is carried out in a simple manner. 3038062 100 110 5 120 130 131, 132 140 150 10 B +, B- IE IG U, V, W, X, Z 9 NOMENCLATURE OF MAIN ELEMENTS Electrical machine Winding / rotor winding Stator winding Rectifier Diodes Calculation unit On-board network Grid voltage terminals Grid current Current supplied by the electrical machine Phases 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1 °) Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit comprising an electric machine (100) with a rotor winding (110) and a stator winding (120) and a rectifier (130) connecting the electric machine (100), to an onboard network (150) of a motor vehicle, wherein the excitation current (IE) of the rotor winding (110) of the electric machine (100) regulates the voltage of the an on-board network (150) to a setpoint and the curve of the excitation current (IE) is monitored, and a fault in the generator unit is concluded, if the excitation current (IE) corresponds to a oscillation curve, and if the amplitude of the oscillation exceeds a threshold, a countermeasure is applied if a fault is detected in the generator unit, the countermeasure consisting in reducing the amplitude of the excitation current ( IE) or to reduce the maximum permitted excitation current.
    [0002]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a fault is detected in the generator unit only if the frequency of the oscillation is proportional to the number of pole pairs and / or the current rotation speed of the generator unit. the electric machine (100).
    [0003]
    Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fault is a short-circuit and / or a cut-off in the high side path between the rectifier (130) and the edge network (150), a short-circuit circuit and / or a cut in the low side path between the rectifier (130) and the edge array (150), a phase cut (U, V, W, X, Y) of the rectifier (130), a short circuit of the stator winding with respect to the on-board network, interruption of a stator winding wire, short-circuit between the stator winding wires and / or a short-circuit between different phases.
    [0004]
    Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nature of the defect is determined by means of the amplitude of oscillation / or frequency of oscillation and / or the curve of the oscillation of the excitation current (IE). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the countermeasure consists in reducing the amplitude of the excitation current (IE) by reducing the reference value of the excitation current ( IE) and / or by reducing the maximum allowable excitation current and / or signaling a fault. 6 °) Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the excitation current (IE) is regulated to a set value. 7 °) computing unit (140), in particular a generator regulator applying the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, for detecting a fault in a generator unit comprising an electric machine (100) with a winding rotor (110) and a stator casing (120) and a rectifier (130) connecting the electrical machine (100) to the motor vehicle edge network (150), which is regulated by the excitation current (IE) of the rotor winding (110) of the electric machine (100) the voltage of the on-board network (150) to a set value and the curve of the excitation current is monitored (IE), and a fault in the generator unit is concluded if the excitation current (IE) corresponds to an oscillating curve, and if the amplitude of the oscillation exceeds a threshold, countermeasure if a fault is detected in the generator unit, 3038062 12 the countermeasure consisting of in the amplitude of the excitation current (IE) or to reduce the maximum permitted excitation current.
    [0005]
    8) Computer program for controlling the computing unit (140) according to claim 7 for applying a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, when the program is executed by the computing unit (140). 9) A machine-readable memory medium comprising a computer program according to claim 8.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3038062B1|2020-03-06|
    DE102015211933A1|2016-12-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1019054A|1964-04-25|1966-02-02|Brush Electrical Eng|Rectifier fault detector for brushless alternator|
    JP3374543B2|1994-08-24|2003-02-04|株式会社デンソー|Control device for vehicle alternator|
    US6963216B2|2003-06-13|2005-11-08|Illinois Tool Works Inc.|Method and apparatus for detecting shorted rectifying control elements of an engine driven power source for welding-type system|
    EP2919026B1|2014-03-11|2021-10-27|ABB Schweiz AG|Method and system for determining a synchronous machine fault condition|DE102015222733A1|2015-11-18|2017-05-18|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit|
    DE102015222773A1|2015-11-18|2017-05-18|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit|
    DE102015223900A1|2015-11-18|2017-05-18|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method and device for detecting a speed in a generator unit|
    DE102015223211A1|2015-11-24|2017-05-24|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit|
    DE102015223387A1|2015-11-26|2017-06-01|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for detecting a state of a vehicle electrical system|
    DE102016220235A1|2016-10-17|2018-04-19|Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh|Detecting a fault in a generator unit|
    DE102017206119A1|2017-04-10|2018-10-11|Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft|A method, computer readable medium, system, and vehicle comprising the system for determining a location range of a mobile terminal relative to the vehicle|
    DE102018200488A1|2018-01-12|2019-07-18|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for operating a generator unit|
    DE102018211794A1|2018-07-16|2020-01-16|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method for monitoring a generator unit and generator unit|
    法律状态:
    2017-06-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-04-20| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: SEG AUTOMOTIVE GERMANY GMBH, DE Effective date: 20180315 |
    2018-05-25| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20180525 |
    2018-06-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-06-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-06-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-06-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015211933.5|2015-06-26|
    DE102015211933.5A|DE102015211933A1|2015-06-26|2015-06-26|Method for detecting a fault in a generator unit|
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